In the fall of 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping at the meeting with Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev announced the launch of the project «The Economic Belt of the Silk Road» (EBSR), which consists of two parts - an overland belt through Kazakhstan and Russia to European countries and maritime zone through the South-East Asia. Later, these two projects were named as the initiative «One belt - one way.»Implementation of this project will provide an opportunity not only to develop greater cooperation between China, Europe and adjacent territories, including Russia, but also facilitate the solution of the world’s global political and economic problems. Construction of the EBSR become a part of the plan of the social and economic development 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020.), Which must be announced at the NPC session in March 2016.In 2015, Russia and China issued a joint statement on cooperation in the construction of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEC) and the EBSR. The implementation of these two large-scale projects will allow, on the one hand, Russia and other members of the EAEC to create a huge scale transit zone for goods from Europe to Asia, to expand markets for their products both in China and other Asian countries. On the other hand, China will have more opportunities to expand their markets for products and obtaining the necessary raw materials for the economy.